EGCG and prostate cancer
Posted on by Donnie Yance

Green Tea and Prostate Cancer: Promising Connections for Health

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By Donnie Yance

Green tea is produced from fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis by steaming or drying without fermentation. In recent years, green tea has emerged as a particularly promising candidate against prostate cancer. Evidence from epidemiologic studies indicate that frequent consumption of green tea is inversely associated with the risk of several types of human cancer,1,2, 3 including prostate cancer.4

There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that green tea and its bioactive compounds may represent a valuable adjunctive approach in both prevention and treatment strategies for prostate cancer. A number of epidemiological and clinical studies have attempted to investigate the preventive effect of green tea intake on prostate cancer. 

The relationship between green tea consumption and reduced prostate cancer risk has been documented across multiple epidemiological studies, with laboratory research now shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind these observations. In human studies, it appears the greater the consumption of green tea, the greater the benefit for inhibiting prostate cancer. 5,6  A study of 50,000 Japanese men showed those drinking 5+ cups daily had half the risk of advanced prostate cancer compared to those drinking less than one cup daily.7 Drinking green tea (equivalent to about six cups daily) significantly inhibits prostate cancer development and spread in mice with conditions that mimic human prostate disease.8

Green Tea’s Superstar: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)

Polyphenols mainly composed of catechins are the main functional extracts from green tea, and the major green tea polyphenol is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). 9 Many in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that green tea and its components, especially EGCG, could affect the incidence and the progression of prostate cancer by suppressing proliferation, preventing invasion and metastasis, suppressing androgen receptor signaling, and encouraging apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. 10, 11, 12

13

At the heart of green tea’s anti-cancer properties is EGCG, it demonstrates remarkable versatility in its anti-cancer mechanisms, working through multiple pathways to inhibit prostate cancer development and progression.

Laboratory and animal studies have revealed EGCG’s significant potential against prostate cancer. When combined with conventional treatments like the chemo drug doxorubicin, EGCG synergistically inhibits tumor growth in mouse models of metastatic prostate cancer. Similarly, EGCG supplementation with other plant compounds such as quercetin has demonstrated notable synergistic tumor-suppressive effects.14

The compound’s mechanisms of action are diverse and comprehensive. EGCG reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in prostate tissue, disrupts cancer cells’ calcium balance, and triggers programmed cell death through specific genetic pathways. Perhaps most remarkably, EGCG can prevent advanced prostate cancers from creating their own vascular networks (it helps block angiogenesis), thereby limiting tumor growth and metastatic potential. 15

Another study repeated the observation that when combined with the cancer drug doxorubicin, EGCG significantly slowed tumor growth in mice with metastatic prostate cancer cells.16 Similarly, green tea rich in EGCG combined with quercetin (a molecule found in onions, apples, berries, and broccoli) reduced tumor growth in a different mouse model of prostate cancer.17

In rat studies, EGCG reduced enlarged prostate tissue and scarring caused by testosterone. It works by decreasing inflammation, oxidative stress, and formation of new blood vessels while blocking several proteins that promote cancer growth.18 EGCG also triggered cancer cell death in both laboratory cell cultures and actual tissue samples from prostate cancer patients by activating specific genetic mechanisms.19

Advanced prostate cancer can create its own blood vessel networks to support tumor growth and spread. EGCG has been shown to prevent this process by inhibiting several proteins that enable this vessel formation.20 Additionally, EGCG disrupts calcium balance in prostate cancer cells, which leads to their death.21

In a small study of 20 men with prostate cancer, those who drank five cups of either green or black tea daily before surgery showed decreased cancer cell growth compared to those who drank soda.22

A case-control study in China found men who regularly drank green tea had a 72% lower risk of developing prostate cancer compared to non-tea drinkers. The protection increased with more years of tea drinking and higher consumption 23

In a clinical trial, men at high risk for prostate cancer who took green tea extract supplements for one year had significantly lower cancer rates (3%) compared to those taking placebo (30%).24, 25

How Green Tea Works Against Prostate Cancer

  • Inhibits IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor), which stimulates cancer growth26 
  • Blocks inflammation pathways including NF-kB,27 and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2)28
  • Enhances cancer cell death (apoptosis) 29
  • Androgen Receptor Inhibitor 30
  • Inhibits blood vessel formation in tumors31

Synergistic Effects

Green tea’s benefits against prostate cancer are enhanced when combined with:

  • Soy products 32,33
  • Lycopene-rich foods (tomato-based foods) 34
  • Quercetin (found in apples, onions) 35
  • Zinc 36
  • Combinations of EGCG or other green tea catechins with 46 anticancer drugs all synergistically induced in vitro anticancer effects in 58 human cancer cell lines.37
  • The combinations of EGCG and paclitaxel, and EGCG and docetaxel, completely eliminated tumors of human prostate cancer cell line PC-3ML in vivo.38
  • The combination of EGCG and COX-2 inhibitors consistently induced the enhancement of apoptosis.39

Powerful Synergists: Quercetin and Turmeric Enhance Green Tea’s Anti-Cancer Effects

While green tea demonstrates remarkable anti-cancer properties on its own, emerging research reveals that combining EGCG with other plant compounds creates synergistic effects that significantly amplify its therapeutic potential against prostate cancer.

Quercetin: A Potent Partner

Quercetin, a flavonoid abundant in apples, onions, berries, and broccoli, works synergistically with green tea to enhance anti-prostate cancer activity. When combined with EGCG, quercetin demonstrates enhanced tumor-suppressive effects that exceed what either compound achieves independently.40,41

In mouse models of prostate cancer, the combination of green tea extract rich in EGCG and quercetin significantly reduced tumor growth compared to either compound alone.42 This synergistic relationship appears to work through multiple mechanisms, including enhanced inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and more effective suppression of angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow and spread.

Laboratory studies have shown that quercetin and EGCG together more effectively disrupt key signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer progression, including the PI3K/Akt pathway and MAPK cascade, which are frequently dysregulated in advanced prostate cancer.43

Green Tea and Turmeric (Curcumin): The Golden Combination

The combination of EGCG from green tea and curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma longa) represents one of the most promising natural compound pairings in prostate cancer research. Both compounds independently demonstrate significant anticancer properties, but their combination produces enhanced therapeutic effects that surpass their individual contributions.44, 45

Research demonstrates that EGCG and curcumin together create a more comprehensive attack on cancer’s hallmark characteristics.46 This synergistic relationship works through several key mechanisms:

Enhanced Cellular Mechanisms:

  • The combination more effectively suppresses cancer cell proliferation and invasion
  • Together, they induce stronger apoptotic responses in prostate cancer cells
  • The pairing shows superior ability to inhibit androgen receptor signaling, which drives prostate cancer growth

Based On Research, The Most Effective Approaches Appear To Be:

  • Drinking 5+ cups of organic green tea daily, OR
  • Taking standardized green tea extract supplements (containing 95% polyphenols/40-60% EGCG)
  • Combining green tea with lycopene-rich foods, soy products, or quercetin-containing foods, and turmeric.  
  • There is promising research showing synergistic anticancer effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) derived from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma longa). While both compounds independently demonstrate significant anticancer properties through multiple mechanisms, emerging research suggests their combination produces enhanced therapeutic effects that surpass their individual contributions.47,48,49,50,51,52,53
  • While both compounds affect multiple cancer pathways, their combined action provides more comprehensive coverage of cancer’s hallmark characteristics.54
  • Evidence suggests co-administration may improve the absorption and stability of both compounds, addressing a key limitation of their individual use.55
  • EGCG and curcumin together more effectively inhibit drug efflux pumps and detoxification enzymes that contribute to treatment resistance.56

Closing Thoughts

The evidence supporting green tea’s role in prostate cancer prevention and management continues to grow stronger. From epidemiological studies showing dramatic risk reductions in men who consume green tea regularly, to laboratory research revealing the sophisticated molecular mechanisms by which EGCG targets cancer cells, the scientific foundation is compelling.

What makes this research particularly exciting is the accessibility of the intervention. Unlike many promising cancer prevention strategies that require expensive pharmaceuticals or invasive procedures, green tea is a safe, affordable, and widely available beverage that has been consumed for thousands of years with an excellent safety profile.

The synergistic potential of combining green tea with other plant compounds like quercetin and curcumin opens new avenues for integrative approaches to prostate health. These combinations don’t just add benefits—they multiply them, creating therapeutic effects greater than the sum of their parts.

For men concerned about prostate cancer risk, whether due to family history, age, or other risk factors, incorporating green tea into a comprehensive health strategy makes scientific sense. While green tea should not replace conventional medical care or screening, it represents a powerful, evidence-based tool that can work alongside traditional approaches.

As research continues to unveil the molecular intricacies of how green tea protects against prostate cancer, one thing remains clear: this ancient beverage offers modern medicine valuable lessons in prevention, and perhaps most importantly, provides men with an actionable, enjoyable way to take charge of their prostate health.

About the Author:

Donald R. Yance is the founder of the Mederi Center. A Clinical Master Herbalist and Certified Nutritionist, Donnie is renowned for his extraordinary knowledge and deep understanding of the healing properties of plants and nutrition, as well as of epigenetics, laboratory medicine, oncologic pathology, and molecular oncology. He is a professional member of the American Herbalists Guild, National Association of Nutrition Professionals, Academy of Integrative Health and Medicine, and the Society for Integrative Oncology.

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